Germanium dioxide is a kind of germanium dioxide with the same electronic formula as carbon dioxide. It is white powder or colorless crystal. There are two kinds of hexagonal system which is slightly soluble in water (stable at low temperature) and insoluble orthorhombic system. The transition temperature is 1033 ℃. It is mainly used to make metal germanium, also used as spectral analysis and semiconductor material.
Germanium dioxide is tetragonal, hexagonal or amorphous. The results show that the hexagonal crystal is isomorphic to β - quartz, germanium is tetra coordinated, tetragonal crystal has super quartz structure, similar to rutile, in which germanium is six coordinated. Under high pressure, amorphous germanium dioxide transforms into six coordination structure, and with the decrease of pressure, germanium dioxide gradually changes into four coordination structure. The rutile like structure of germanium dioxide can be transformed into another orthorhombic calcium chloride structure under high pressure. Germanium dioxide is insoluble in water and hydrochloric acid, but soluble in lye to form germanate. Germanium dioxide with rutile like structure is more soluble in water than hexagonal germanium dioxide, and Germanic acid can be produced when it interacts with water. Germanium oxide can be obtained by CO heating germanium dioxide and germanium powder at 1000 ° C.
It is used in germanium and electronic industry. Used as semiconductor material. It is prepared by heating oxidation of germanium or hydrolysis of germanium tetrachloride. It is used as raw material for preparation of metal germanium and other germanium compounds, catalyst for preparation of polyethylene terephthalate resin, spectral analysis and semiconductor material. It can be used as a catalyst for conversion, dehydrogenation, gasoline fraction adjustment, color film and polyester fiber production. In addition, germanium dioxide is also a catalyst for polymerization reaction. Glass containing germanium dioxide has high refractive index and dispersion performance, and can be used as wide-angle camera and microscope lens. With the development of technology, germanium dioxide is widely used to make high-purity metal germanium, germanium compounds, chemical catalysts, pharmaceutical industry, PET resin, electronic devices, etc Although the form of Ge-132 is similar to that of Ge-132, it is toxic and cannot be taken. Germanium, a semiconductor. It plays an important role in the development of solid-state physics and solid-state electronics. The melting density of germanium is 5.32 g / cm3. Germanium may be classified as a rare metal. The chemical properties of germanium are stable. It does not interact with air or water vapor at room temperature. However, germanium dioxide is formed quickly at 600-700 ℃. It has no effect on hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid. When concentrated sulfuric acid is heated, germanium will dissolve slowly. Germanium is easily dissolved in nitric acid and aqua regia. The effect of alkali solution on germanium is very weak, but the molten alkali can dissolve germanium rapidly in air. Germanium has no effect on carbon, so it is melted in graphite crucible and will not be polluted by carbon. Germanium has good semiconductor properties, such as electron mobility, hole mobility and so on
It should be stored in a ventilated and dry warehouse. The package should be sealed and moisture-proof, and should not contact alkali and acid. Handle with care during loading and unloading to prevent the glass bottle from cracking
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